Metal 3D kudhinda
Tsananguro Pfupi:
Metal 3D kudhinda irimaitiro ekuumba zvikamu nekupisa, sintering, kusungunuka uye kutonhora kwesimbi poda ne laser kana elektroni danda kuongorora kuri pasi pekutonga kwekombuta. Kudhinda kwe3D hakudi kuumbwa, kuumba nekukurumidza, kudhura, kwakakodzera sampuro uye diki batch kugadzirwa.
Metal 3D kudhinda (3DP) rudzi rwekukurumidza prototyping tekinoroji. Iyo tekinoroji yakavakirwa padhijitari modhi faira, iyo inoshandisa poda simbi kana plastiki uye zvimwe zvekunamatira zvinhu kuvaka zvinhu nekudhinda kwepasi. Musiyano uripo pakati pesimbi 3D kudhinda uye epurasitiki 3D kudhinda: Aya ndiwo matekinoroji maviri. Iyo yakasvibirira simbi 3D kudhinda isimbi hupfu, iyo inogadzirwa uye yakadhindwa ne laser yakakwira tembiricha sintering. Iwo iwo anoshandiswa epurasitiki 3D kudhinda imvura, iyo inopenyerwa kune izvo zvemvura zvinhu nemamhepo yeultivolet yeanosiana akasiyana wavelengths, zvichikonzera mukuita polymerization kuita uye kurapa.
1. Hunhu hwesimbi 3D kudhinda
1. zvakanakira simbi 3D kudhinda
A. Rapid prototyping yezvikamu
B. Iyi tekinoroji inogona kushandisa matete esimbi hupfu zvigadzirwa kugadzira maumbirwo akaomarara ayo asingakwanise kuwanikwa neyakajairwa tekinoroji sekukanda, kugadzira uye kugadzirisa.
Zvichienzaniswa neyechinyakare yekugadzira maitiro, 3D kudhinda kune zvakawanda zvakanakira, kusanganisira:
A. yakakwira kwazvo chiyero chekushandisa kwezvinhu;
B. hapana chikonzero chekuvhura chakuvhuvhu, zvishoma maitiro ekugadzira uye pfupi pfupi kutenderera;
C Kugadzira kutenderera nguva ipfupi. Zvikurukuru, 3D kudhinda kwezvikamu zvine maitiro akaomarara zvinotora chikamu chimwe muzvishanu kana kunyange chegumi chenguva yeakajairwa machining
D. zvikamu zvine chimiro chakaomarara zvinogona kugadzirwa, senge yemukati conformal kuyerera chiteshi;
E. yemahara dhizaini zvinoenderana neyakajairika chivakwa zvinodiwa pasina kufunga maitiro ekugadzira.
Yayo yekumhanyisa kumhanya haina kukwirira, uye inowanzo shandiswa mukukurumidza kugadzira kweimwe chete kana diki batch zvikamu, pasina mutengo uye nguva yeforoma kuvhura. Kunyangwe 3D kudhinda isina kukodzera kugadzirwa kwakawanda, inogona kushandiswa mukugadzira nekukurumidza kwemaforoma akasiyana siyana ekugadzira kwakawanda.
2 .zvakanakira simbi 3D kudhinda
Metal 3D yekudhinda inopa nyowani dhizaini mikana, senge yekubatanidza akawanda macomputer mune yekugadzira maitiro kudzikisira kushandisa kwezvinhu uye chakuvhu kugadzirisa kugadzira mutengo.
A). Iko kutsauka kwesimbi 3D kudhinda zvikamu zvinowanzo kuve zvakakura kupfuura + / -0.10 mm, uye iko kurongeka hakuna kunaka senge kweyakajairika michina maturusi.
B) Iyo yekupisa yekurapa chivakwa che3D kudhindwa kwesimbi ichave yakaremara: iyo yekutengesa poindi ye3D kudhinda kwesimbi kunonyanya kukwirira kwakaringana uye kwechienzi chimiro. Kana iyo 3D kudhinda simbi simbi iri kupisa kurapwa, zvikamu zvinorasikirwa nemazvo, kana kuda kudzokororwa nemuchina maturusi
Chikamu chetsika yekudzikisa michina michina inogona kuburitsa yakatetepa yakaoma kuomesa pamusoro pechikamu chezvikamu. Kudhinda kwe3D hakuna kunaka kwazvo. Zvakare, kuwedzera uye kudzvinyirira kwenhengo dzesimbi kwakakomba mukuita kwemuchina. Iyo tembiricha uye nekukura kwezvikamu zvichave zvakakanganisa zvakanyanya pane iko kurongeka
2.Midziyo inoshandiswa yesimbi 3D kudhinda
Inosanganisira simbi isina chinhu (AISI316L), aluminium, titanium, Inconel (Ti6Al4V) (625 kana 718), uye martensitic simbi.
1) .tool uye martensitic steels
2). simbi isina ngura.
3). Chiwanikwa: chinonyanya kushandiswa simbi yeupfu chiwanikwa che3D kudhinda zvinhu zvakachena titanium uye titanium chiwanikwa, aruminiyamu chiwanikwa, nickel base chiwanikwa, cobalt chromium chiwanikwa, mhangura base alloy, nezvimwewo.
Mhangura 3D kudhinda zvikamu
Simbi 3D kudhinda zvikamu
Aluminium 3D kudhinda zvikamu
3D kudhinda muforoma muwedzero
3. Mhando dzesimbi 3D kudhinda
Kune mashanu marudzi esimbi 3D yekudhinda matekinoroji: SLS, SLM, npj, lens uye EBSM.
1). inosarudza laser sintering (SLS)
SLS inoumbwa nesilinda yeupfu uye humburumbira. Piston yeiyo pirinda humburumbira inomuka. Iyo poda yakaiswa zvakaenzana pane inogadzira humburumbira neiyo poda paver. Iyo komputa inodzora mativi-maviri-e-scanning track yeiyo laser danda zvinoenderana nechidimbu modhi yemuenzaniso. Iyo yakasimba yeupfu zvinhu zvakasarudzika sintered kuti dzigadzire chikamu chechikamu. Mushure mekupedzwa kweimwe nhete, iyo inoshanda pisitoni inodonhedza imwe nhanho ukobvu, iyo hupfu ichiparadzira system inoparadzira hupfu hutsva, uye inodzora iyo laser danda kuongorora uye sinter iyo nyowani nyowani. Nenzira iyi, kutenderera kunodzokororwa nhurikidzwa nedanho kudzamara mativi matatu-mativi aumbwa.
2). inosarudza laser yakanyunguduka (SLM)
Iyo yakakosha musimboti we laser inosarudza uchinyungudika tekinoroji ndeyekugadzira iyo-mativi akasimba modhi yechikamu nekushandisa matatu-epadiki modelling software yakadai sePro / E, UG uye CATIA pakombuta, wobva watema iwo matatu-mativi emhando kuburikidza slicing software, tora iyo data dhata yechero chikamu, gadzira iyo yekuzadza scanning nzira kubva kune iyo data data, uye iyo michina inodzora iyo inosarudzika kusungunuka kwe laser danda maererano neaya ekuzadza scanning mitsara Imwe neimwe simbi yesimbi hupfu zvinhu inowedzeredzwa zvishoma nezvishoma kuita matatu- mativi esimbi zvikamu. Pamberi Laser danda anotanga kushanda pakuvheneka, upfu achiparadzira mudziyo Anosundira simbi upfu pahwaro ndiro rwokuumba humburumbira, uye ipapo Laser danda rinonyungudutsa upfu hwaro hwendefa maererano achizadza kushanda pakuvheneka mutsetse razvino rukoko, uye pezvakaitwa ari razvino rukoko, uye ipapo silinda inoumba inodzika yakatetepa ukobvu daro, iyo silinda yeupfu inomuka imwe gobvu daro, iyo poda inoparadzira chishandiso inoparadzira simbi poda pane yakagadziriswa yazvino rukoko, uye iyo michina inogadzirisa Pinda iyo data yeinotevera denderedzwa contour ye kugadzira, uye wozogadzirisa dura neyakagadzika kusvikira chikamu chose chagadziriswa.
3). nanoparticle pfapfaidzo simbi kugadzira (NPJ)
Wakajairika 3D kudhinda tekinoroji yesimbi ndeye kushandisa laser kunyungudika kana sinter simbi yeupfu zvidimbu, nepo npj tekinoroji inoshandisa kwete hupfu chimiro, asi mvura mamiriro. Simbi idzi dzakaputirwa mutubhu muchimiro chemvura ndokuiswa mu 3D printer, iyo inoshandisa "iron yakanyunguduka" ine simbi nanoparticles yekumwaya muchimiro apo 3D yekudhinda simbi. Chakanakira ndechekuti simbi yakadhindwa nesimbi yakanyungudutswa, iyo modhi yese ichave yakanyorovera, uye yakajairika ink-jet yekudhinda musoro inogona kushandiswa sechishandiso. Kana kudhinda kwapera, imba yekuvaka inozopisa mvura yakawandisa nekupisa, ichisiya chikamu chesimbi chete
4). Laser padyo nemambure kuumbwa (lens)
Laser padyo nemambure kuumba (lens) tekinoroji inoshandisa musimboti we laser uye hupfu hwekutakura panguva imwe chete. Iyo 3D CAD modhi yechikamu chakatemwa nekombuta, uye iyo 2D ndege contour dhata yechikamu ichi inowanikwa. Iyi data inozoshandurwa kuita yekufamba kweiyo NC inoshanda. Panguva imwecheteyo, hupfu hwesimbi hunodyiswa munzvimbo yekutarisisa yeLaser pane imwe yekumhanyisa kumhanya, yakanyungudika uye yakasimbiswa nekukasira, uyezve iyo padiki mambure echimiro zvikamu zvinogona kuwanikwa nekututira mapoinzi, mitsara uye nzvimbo. Izvo zvakaumbwa zvikamu zvinogona kushandiswa pasina kana chete neiyo shoma shoma yekugadzirisa. Lens inogona kuona iyo yemahara yekugadzira yesimbi zvikamu uye chengetedza yakawanda yemitengo.
5). electron danda rinonyungudika (EBSM)
Electron beam smelting tekinoroji yakatanga kugadzirwa uye kushandiswa nekambani yeArcam muSweden. Musimboti wayo kushandisa elektroni pfuti kupfura yakakwira-simbi simba inogadzirwa nemagetsi danda mushure mekutsauka uye kutarisisa, izvo zvinoita kuti iyo yakavhenekerwa simbi yeupfu dura riunze tembiricha yakakwira munzvimbo diki yemuno, zvichitungamira mukunyungudika kwesimbi. Kuenderera mberi kwekutarisa kwesimbi ye electron kunoita kuti madhibhodhi madiki esimbi anyunguduke uye asimbisane, uye vagadzire iyo yakatetepa uye yepamusoro yesimbi denderedzwa mushure mekubatana.
Pakati pezviri pamusoro zvishanu simbi yekudhinda matekinoroji, SLS (inosarudza laser sintering) uye SLM (inosarudza laser kunyungudika) ndiwo akakosha ekushandisa matekinoroji mune yesimbi kudhinda.
4. Kushandiswa kwesimbi 3D kudhinda
Inowanzo shandiswa mukugadzira chakuvhuvhu, dhizaini dhizaini uye mimwe minda kugadzira mamodheru, uye zvobva zvashandiswa zvishoma nezvishoma mukugadzirwa kwakananga kwezvimwe zvigadzirwa, uye zvobva zvashandiswa zvishoma nezvishoma mukugadzirwa kwakananga kwezvimwe zvigadzirwa. Kune atove zvikamu zvakadhindwa neiyi tekinoroji. Iyo tekinoroji ine zvishandiso muzvishongo, shangu, dhizaini dhizaini, zvivakwa, mainjiniya uye kuvaka (AEC), mota, muchadenga, mazino uye ekurapa maindasitiri, dzidzo, geographic ruzivo masisitimu, einjiniya ehurumende, pfuti nedzimwe nzvimbo.
Metal 3D kudhinda, pamwe nezvakanakira zvakananga kuumbwa, hapana chakuvhuvhu, dhizaini dhizaini uye dhizaini yakaoma, kushanda kwakanyanya, yakaderera kudyiwa uye mutengo wakaderera, kwave kushandiswa zvakanyanya mu petrochemical mainjiniya ekushandisa, muchadenga, kugadzira mota, jekiseni muforoma, chiedza simbi chiwanikwa kukanda. , kurapwa, bepa indasitiri, simba indasitiri, kugadzira chikafu, zvishongo, fashoni uye mimwe minda.
Simbi yekudhinda kugadzirwa haina kukwirira, inowanzo shandiswa yekukurumidza kugadzira kwechimwe chete kana zvidiki batch zvikamu, pasina mutengo uye nguva yekuumbwa kuvhura. Kunyangwe 3D kudhinda isina kukodzera kugadzirwa kwakawanda, inogona kushandiswa mukugadzira nekukurumidza kwemaforoma akasiyana siyana ekugadzira kwakawanda.
1). maindasitiri chikamu
Parizvino, madhipatimendi mazhinji emaindasitiri akashandisa simbi 3D maprinta semachina avo ezuva nezuva. Mune prototype yekugadzira uye modhi kugadzirwa, 3D yekudhinda tekinoroji inoda kushandiswa. Panguva imwecheteyo, inogona zvakare kushandiswa mukugadzira zvimwe zvikamu zvikuru
Iyo 3D printa inodhinda kunze zvikamu ichibva yaaunganidza. Zvichienzaniswa neyechinyakare yekugadzira maitiro, 3D yekudhinda tekinoroji inogona kupfupisa iyo nguva uye kudzikisa mutengo, asi zvakare kuwana yakakura kugadzirwa.
2). zvekurapa
Metal 3D kudhinda inowanzoshandiswa mune zvekurapa, kunyanya mukurapa mazino. Kusiyana nekumwe kuvhiya, simbi 3D kudhinda inowanzo shandiswa kuprinta mazino anodyara. Kubatsira kukuru kwekushandisa 3D kudhinda tekinoroji ndeye kugadzirisa. Vanachiremba vanokwanisa kugadzira zvinoenderana maererano neyakajairwa mamiriro evarwere. Nenzira iyi, marapirwo emurwere anoderedza marwadzo, uye pachave nedambudziko shoma mushure mekuvhiyiwa.
3). zvishongo
Parizvino, vagadziri vazhinji vezvishongo vari kushandura kubva kubhenji re3D kudhinda uye wakisi muforoma yekugadzira kuenda kusimbi 3D kudhinda. Nekuenderera mberi kwekuvandudzwa kwevanhu mararamiro ehupenyu, kudiwa kwezvishongo zvakare kwakakwirira. Vanhu havachadi sezvishongo zvakajairika mumusika, asi vanoda kuve neakasarudzika zvishongo zvakagadzirwa. Naizvozvo, ichave iri ramangwana rekuvandudza maitiro eindasitiri yezvishongo kuti aone kugadzirisa pasina chakuvhuvhu, pakati payo simbi 3D kudhinda ichaita basa rakakosha kwazvo.
4). Aerospace
Nyika zhinji pasi rose dzakatanga kushandisa simbi 3D yekudhinda tekinoroji kuti ibudirire mukuvandudza kwenyika kudzivirirwa, muchadenga uye nedzimwe nzvimbo. GE yekutanga 3D yekudhinda chirimwa munyika, yakavakwa muItari, inoitisa kugadzira zvikamu zvejet jet engines, iyo inoratidza kugona kwesimbi 3D kudhinda.
5). ZveMotokari
Iyo yekushandisa nguva yesimbi 3D kudhinda mumotokari indasitiri haina kureba, asi ine kugona kukuru uye nekukurumidza kukurumidza. Parizvino, BMW, Audi nevamwe vanozivikanwa vanogadzira mota vari kunyatso kudzidza mashandisiro esimbi 3D kudhinda tekinoroji kugadzirisa shanduko yekugadzira
Metal 3D kudhinda haina kuganhurirwa neyakaomesesa chimiro chezvikamu, zvakanyatso kuumbwa, zvinokurumidza uye zvinobudirira, uye hazvidi yakakwira mari yekuumba, iyo inokodzera kugadzirwa kwanhasi. Ichagadziriswa uye ishandiswe nekukurumidza izvozvi uye mune ramangwana. Kana uine zvikamu zvesimbi zvinoda kudhindwa kwe3D, ndapota taura nesu.
Metal 3D kudhinda haina kuganhurirwa neyakaomesesa chimiro chezvikamu, zvakanyatso kuumbwa, zvinokurumidza uye zvinobudirira, uye hazvidi yakakwira mari yekuumba, iyo inokodzera kugadzirwa kwanhasi. Ichagadziriswa uye ishandiswe nekukurumidza izvozvi uye mune ramangwana. Kana iwe uine simbi zvikamu zvinoda 3D kudhinda,ndapota taura nesu.
